莱菔子
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
莱菔子LaifuziRaphani SemenRadish Seed
概述 Overview
本品为十字花科植物萝卜Raphanus sativus L.的干燥成熟种子。夏季果实成熟时采割植株，晒干，搓出种子，除去杂质，再晒干。
Radish Seed is the dried mature seed of Raphanus sativus L. (Fam. Cruciferae). The drug is collected in summer when the fruit is ripe, removed from the plant, dried in the sun, rubbed to remove the seeds, and then dried again.
性状 Description
本品呈类卵圆形或椭圆形，稍扁，长2.5～4mm，宽2~3mm。表面黄棕色、红棕色或灰棕色。一端有深棕色圆形种脐，一侧有数条纵沟。种皮薄而脆，子叶2，黄白色，有油性。气微，味淡、微苦辛。
Seeds are ovate or elliptical, slightly compressed, 2.5-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; surface yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, or grayish-brown; one end with a dark brown circular hilum, one side with several longitudinal grooves. Seed coat thin and brittle; cotyledons 2, yellowish-white, oily. Odour, slight; taste, mild, slightly bitter and pungent.
鉴别 Identification
(1) 本品粉末淡黄色至棕黄色。种皮栅状细胞成片，淡黄色、橙黄色、黄棕色或红棕色，表面观呈多角形或长多角形，直径约至15μm，常与种皮大形下皮细胞重叠，可见类多角形或长多角形暗影。内胚乳细胞表面观呈类多角形，含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴。子叶细胞无色或淡灰绿色，壁薄，含糊粉粒及脂肪油滴。
The powder is pale yellow to brownish-yellow. The epidermal cells of the seed coat are arranged in rows, pale yellow, orange-yellow, yellow-brown, or reddish-brown. The surface appears polygonal or elongated polygonal, with a diameter of about 15μm. It often overlaps with the large subepidermal cells of the seed coat, and polygonal or elongated polygonal shadows can be seen. The surface of the endosperm cells appears polygonal, with starch grains and oil droplets. The cotyledon cells are colorless or pale grayish-green, with thin walls, starch grains, and oil droplets.
(2) 取本品粉末1g，加乙醚30ml，加热回流1小时，弃去乙醚液，药渣挥干，加甲醇20ml，加热回流1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取莱菔子对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取芥子碱硫氰酸盐对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各3～5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲酸-水（10∶2∶3）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点；喷以1%香草醛的10%硫酸乙醇溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 30ml of ether, heating reflux for 1 hour, discard the ether solution, the residue volatile dry, add 20ml of methanol, heating reflux for 1 hour, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add 2ml of methanol to make dissolved, as a test solution. Take 1g of control herb of Lycopodium album, and make the solution of control herb by the same method. Then take mustard alkali thiocyanate control, add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml, as a control solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above three solutions of 3 ~ 5μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, ethyl acetate - formic acid - water (10:2:3) of the upper layer of the solution as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, and placed in the ultraviolet lamp (365nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb and the chromatogram of the control article, the fluorescent spots of the same colour were shown; 10% ethanol sulphate solution with 1% vanillin was sprayed, and heated until the spots were clear and showed the spots of the same colour.
检查 Examination
水分 Water
不得过8.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.
总灰分 Total ash
不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash
不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
浸出物 Extractives
照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 10.0 per cent.
含量测定 Assay
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
以苯基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-3%冰醋酸溶液（15∶85）为流动相；检测波长为326nm。理论板数按芥子碱峰计算应不低于5000。
Phenylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; acetonitrile-3% glacial acetic acid solution (15:85) was used as mobile phase; the detection wavelength was 326 nm. the theoretical plate number should be not less than 5000 according to the mustardine peak.
对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution
取芥子碱硫氰酸盐对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加甲醇制成每1ml含40μg的溶液，即得。
Take the appropriate amount of mustard alkali thiocyanate control, precision weighing, placed in a brown measuring flask, add methanol to make a solution containing 40μg per 1ml, that is to obtain.
供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution
取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇50ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率50kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，置棕色瓶中，即得。
Take the powder of this product (through the third sieve) about 0.5g, precision weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, precision addition of 70% methanol 50ml, tightly stoppered, weighing, ultrasonic treatment (power of 250W, frequency of 50kHz) for 30 minutes, cooled, and then weighing, with 70% methanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, filtration, and take the renewed filtrate, placed in a brown bottle, that is, the product.
测定法 Assay method
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Pipette 5μl each of control solution and test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and then determine, that is, obtain.
本品按干燥品计算，含芥子碱以芥子碱硫氰酸盐（C16H24NO5・SCN）计，不得少于0.40%。
This product contains not less than 0.40% of mustardine as mustardine thiocyanate (C16H24NO5・SCN), calculated as dried product.
饮片 Prepared slices
莱菔子 Raphani Semen
炮制 Processing
除去杂质，洗净，干燥。用时捣碎。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, dry, and crush before use.
性状 Description
同药材。
Same as the herb.
鉴别 Identification
同药材。
Same as the herb.
检查 Examination
同药材。
Same as the herb.
浸出物 Extractives
同药材。
Same as the herb.
含量测定 Assay
同药材。
Same as the herb.
炒莱菔子 Raphani Semen（stir-baked）
炮制 Processing
取净莱菔子，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至微鼓起。用时捣碎。
Take clean Laptop Seeds, according to the method of stir-frying <0213>, stir-fry until slightly bulging. Pound it when used.
性状 Description
本品形如莱菔子，表面微鼓起，色泽加深，质酥脆，气微香。
This product is shaped like a Raphani Semen, the surface is slightly bulging, the colour deepens, the texture is crispy, the gas is slightly fragrant.
鉴别 Identification
同药材。
Same as the herb.
检查 Examination
同药材。
Same as the herb.
浸出物 Extractives
同药材。
Same as the herb.
含量测定 Assay
同药材。
Same as the herb.
性 Property
平。
Neutral.
味 Flavor
辛、甘。
Pungent and sweet.
归经 Meridian tropism
归肺、脾、胃经。
Lung, spleen, and stomach meridians.
功能 Actions
消食除胀，降气化痰。
To promote digestion, relieve distension, descend qi, and transform phlegm.
主治 Indications
用于饮食停滞，脘腹胀痛，大便秘结，积滞泻痢，痰壅喘咳。
Used for stagnation of food and drink, distension and pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, constipation, accumulation and stagnation leading to diarrhea, and phlegm obstruction causing cough and asthma.
用量 Dosage
5～12g。
5-12 g.
用法 Administration
无。
None.
贮藏 Storage
置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.